A Tiger in the Zoo

 

                      A Tiger in the Zoo

 

  Read the following extracts and answer the question/complete the sentences that follow

Question 1.

He stalks in his vivid stripes The few steps of his cage On pads of velvet quiet,

In his quiet rage.

(a)What are the two qualities of the animal under reference ?

(b)Why does he move only a few steps ?

(c)Pick out the word from the stanza that means the same as ‘clear’.

(d)Who has written the above lines ? (1×4=4)

Answer:

(a)The two qualities of the animal are : He has stripes and velvet pads.

(b)He moves only a few steps because he is in the cage.

(c)Vivid.

(d)Leslie Norris

 

Question 2.

He stalks in his vivid stripes The few steps of his cage,

On pads of velvet quiet,

In his quiet rage. (1×4=4)

(a)Who is ‘he’ here ?

(b)The two qualities of the animal are …….. .

(c)He is in rage because ………. .

(d)Which word refers to ‘lines’ ?

Answer:

(a)’He here is a tiger.

(b)He has ‘vivid’ stripes and velvet pads.

(c)He is in the cage.

(d)Stripes.

 

Question 3.

He should be lurking in shadow, Sliding through long grass Near the water hole Where plump deer pass (1×4=4)

(a)The tiger is moving through ………. .

(b)The tiger lies in wait near the water hole ………. .

(c)The word plump shows that deer is referred to as ……….. .

(d)Name the poet.

Answer:

(a) long grass.

(b) for a fat deer.

(c) fat.

(d) Leslie Norris

 

Question 4.

He should be lurking in shadow,

Sliding through long grass

(a) He should be lurking in shadow to

(b) He should be sliding through long grass, but actually he is

(c) He is

(d) Which word refers to ‘fat’ ?

Answer:

(a) stalk the deer.

(b) in a cage of the zoo.

(c) Tiger.

(d) Plump.

 

Question 5.

He should be snarling around houses (1×4=4)

At the jungle’s edge,

Baring his white fangs, his claws,

Terrorising the village !

(a) Who is ‘he’ in the above extract ?

(b) ‘White fangs’ shows the …….. of the animal.

(c) Trace a word from the extract that means “showing the teeth and making fearful sound”.

(d) Where is the tiger snarling ?

Answer:

(a) ‘He’ here is the tiger.

(b) White pointed teeth of tiger.

(c) ‘Snarling’ means ‘showing the teeth and making fearful sound’.

(d) At the jungle’s edge.

 

Question 6.

But he’s locked in a concrete cell (1×4=4)

His strength behind bars,

Stalking the length of his cage,

Ignoring visitors.

(a) Who is ‘he’ in the poem ?

(b) Why is he ignoring visitors ?

(c) Here ‘stalking’ means

(d) Where is the tiger locked ?

Answer:

(a) ‘He’ here refers to a tiger.

(b) ‘He’ is ignoring the visitors because he is angry.

(c) Here ‘stalking’ means ‘pacing’.

(d) In a concrete cell.

 

Question 7.

He hears the last voice at night (1×4=4)

The patrolling cars And stares with his brilliant eyes At the brilliant stars.

(a) ‘He’ in the above stanza is

(b) The last voice that he hears is that of

(c) The tiger stares at stars because he is

(d) Which word means the same as ‘sparkling’ ?

Answer:

(a) ‘He’ refers to a tiger in the zoo.

(b) the patrolling cars in the zoo.

(c) aspiring to get free.

(d) Here ‘Stalking’ means moving slowly and quietly in a threatening way.

 

Short Answer Type Questions 30 – 40 words (2 marks each)

Question 1.

Describe some of the activities of the tiger as stated by the poet.

Answer:

Some of the activities of the tiger as stated by the poet are – walking along the cage, hearing the patrolling of cars, ignoring visitors and staring at the brilliant stars of the sky.

Question 2.

Why does the tiger express his anger quietly ?

Answer:

The tiger expresses his anger quietly, because he is helpless. He can do nothing from behind the bars. He is not free as he was in the forest.

Question 3.

What does the poet want to convey through the poem ?

Answer:

The poet exhibits the miserable life led by the animals in the zoo. He shows the two different – lifes i.e., in the zoo and the life at a natural habitat. According to the poet animals should not be caged. They should be let free in the wild.

 Long Answer Type Questions (4 marks each)

Question 1.

Do you agree that wild animals should be caged ? comment yes or no giving reasons.

Answer:

Wild animals should not be caged. This is a well known fact that tiger is a royal species which is on the verge of extinction. In ancient times tigers moved around freely in the forests. But today they are caged and left in the zoo for the entertainment of people. In fact, they are not meant for confinement. The result is that their off spring also do not learn to hunt, when they are caged. Caging wild animals also leads to disturbance of ecological balance. So, wild animals should be let free. They belong to the forest. Cages are not meant for a wild animal specially a tiger.

  

Keeping Quiet – Pablo Neruda

 

Keeping Quiet – Pablo Neruda

Theme

The poet, Pablo Neruda, advises us to be silent for some time during our busy, frustrated, insecure and selfish life. He promises us lasting peace of mind and endless happiness that we have never experienced in our lives. Shut up! This is what he asks us to do.

KEY POINTS:

1. Count as long as twelve.
2. Stop communication with others by words or by signals of hands.
3. If you live by harming others (fisherman), stop harming.
4. If you live by harming yourself (salt gatherer), stop gathering.
5. Stop wars against the living organisms using any weapon.
6. Put on the clean clothes of peace and harmony.
7. Start talking to one’s mind, search in the depth of the mind the causes of sadness, realize that the solution for your sadness is not committing suicide, there is a better way: accept that your ego is the cause of your sadness.
8. Kill the ego, die with your ego and wait for a new birth.
9. Definitely you will live a new life without ego. Come back fresh to a world devoid(FREE) of wars of any kind, selfishness of any sort and sadness of any depth.
10. Now you are prepared so start KEEPING QUIET.

Questions:

Now we will count to twelve and we will all keep still.
For once on the face of the Earth let’s not speak in any language,
Let’s stop for one second, and not move our arms so much.

1. What is the significance of ‘counting to twelve?’
   Twelve is an extended counting. While counting for a longer time one feels more relaxed than counting for a short time such as one or three. As the counting is followed by a relaxed time of silent meditation, one needs to keep his mind at ease by counting steadily for a longer time.
2. Why does the poet ask his hearers to stop using any language?
   Languages help us to communicate with other people. As the poet wants this time of silence for talking to oneself, not for talking to other people, he doesn’t want us to use any language.
3. Why does the poet ask his hearers to make no movements of the arms?
   Like any language, movements of arms can also communicate with other people. The poet wants his hearers to stop all sorts of communication with others to achieve a silent meditation and therefore he asks his hearers to stop any movements of the arms.

It would be an exotic moment without rush, without engines,
We would all be together in a sudden strangeness.

1. How does the time of silent introspection become an exotic moment for us? 
   The result of a silent introspection of this kind guarantees a perfect peace of mind. When this peace is achieved through silence, the happiness it provides is equal to no other happiness. It is exotic.
• Tail: This self-imposed silence will turn out to be inexplicably pleasant. You will experience the happiness you have been after all these years.
2. What does the poet mean by ‘rush?’ 
   Rush means the rush that people make to defeat others, to reach before the others reach and the rush for achievements.
3. What sort of ‘togetherness’ can we experience while keeping quiet?
   By keeping quiet we are able to understand our true self and its limitations. We realize how selfish we are and wipe out our ego through meditation. By eliminating a vast world of ego we give room for our brothers and feel a new togetherness.
4. What does the poet mean by the sudden strangeness?
   By stopping all activities that one has been doing without pause, one feels a sudden silence and peace of mind which leads to a complete strangeness. When one starts feeling this silence, peace and togetherness, it appears sudden and strange.

Fisherman in the cold sea would not harm whales
And the man gathering salt would look at his hurt hands…

1. What does ‘fisherman’ symbolize? 
   Fisherman is a symbol to represent the mighty/rich/influential people of the world. There are many in every society who can rule the people and ruin anything. But the poet requests them to stop their atrocities for a while and think about themselves.
2. Who are represented by the salt gatherers? 
   Salt-gatherer is another symbol, representing all the poor/crushed people of the society. His hands are hurt and wounded while collecting salt for making a living.
3. What should the salt-gatherer do at the time of silence? 
   The salt-gatherer has to look at his miseries and accept his state of being. A life that doesn’t accept itself is always sad.

Those who prepare green wars, wars with gas, wars with fire,
Victory with no survivors, would put on clean clothes
And walk about with their brothers in the shade, doing nothing.

1. What are green wars? 
   We use our deadly weapons to kill the mother earth. We have poisonous gases and explosives to kill the earth.
2. Why is victory without survivors?
   Anyone can fight, kill and destroy. Anyone can defeat and be victorious. But no one can enjoy the victory of his wars.
3. What does the poet want in the place of wars?
   It is not war we want. We want peace. It is time to hate wars and destruction. It is time to walk peacefully with everyone whom we call enemies.

What I want should not be confused with total inactivity.
Life is what it is about;

1. What confusion, does the poet fear, has been created by him in his readers’ mind? Or, What misunderstanding does the poet want to clear? 
   The poet at this point fears that his readers might take him wrongly. He makes it very clear that he is not talking about inactivity but activity. He wants his listeners to keep silent and be inactive only for some time.
2. Explain, ‘life is what it is about.’
   The poet reminds us that life is meaningful only in activity. Life is an ongoing process and everything and everyone should be moving at all time.

I want no truck/agreement with death.
If we were not single-minded
About keeping our lives moving,
And for once could do nothing, perhaps
A huge silence might interrupt this sadness
Of never understanding ourselves and
Of threatening ourselves with death…

1. What does “truck with death” mean? Why does the poet not want a truck with death? 
   Truck with death means an agreement with death. The poet believes that man has a tendency to get the help of death when he is surrounded by sadness and dullness. Poet doesn’t want any agreement with death because he believes that introspection(self examination) is the right way to get rid of our sadness, not death.
2. What happens when one is interrupted by silence? 
   When one is interrupted by silence, one gets time to introspect and thus get time to kill his ego and all the internal struggles caused by selfishness.
3. Which are the two prerequisites for achieving the interruption of silence?
   The first prerequisite for achieving the interruption of silence is to keep our single-mindedness away while the other is to do nothing for a while.
4. When do people threaten themselves with death?
   People tend to threaten themselves with the idea of committing suicide when they find themselves surrounded with sadness and inescapable dullness of mind.

Perhaps the earth can teach us
As when everything seems dead
And later proves to be alive.

1. What does the earth teach us about the significance of keeping silence? 
   The earth is full of examples that approve of the necessity to be silent. Everything keeps silent for some time in order to rejuvenate. Autumn dying in order to come fresh in the Spring season and seeds decaying to give life to a new plant, are examples for this.

Now I will count up to twelve
And you keep quiet and I will go.

• The poet concludes here. His instructions are completed. Now it is the time to put them in practice. He is going to start counting for his listeners at the end of what they are going to go silent and still.

And you keep quiet and I will go. The process will begin soon. We will all keep silent as the poet has asked us to. We will introspect by diving deep into the abyss(bottomless sea) of our dark minds and find out great happiness that we have never experienced in our lives. We will then accept our limitations like the salt-gatherer, we will then stop harming others, we will finally cease to be selfish. Thus we will start shedding our ego which is in other words, our feeling of ‘I.’ Shedding of one’s EGO or ‘I’ ness’ is what the poet means by, ‘I will Go!’

 

Paragraph Writing: Effects of watching too much TV

 

Effects of watching too much TV

Nowadays watching too much TV became a very widespread problem. We can see TV in every home, even the parents begin to teach their children to watch TV in early childhood, because they think that is a good way to develop a child. Sometimes people forget that the TV does not always carries only positive aspects. “Indeed, a negative relationship exists between the amount of time spent watching TV and children and adolescents health status, including overweight, school and verbal performance, perceived cognitive and attention abilities, and violence or bullying”.  Negative effects of the TV became quite obvious fact. As a consequence, TV affects human physical, mental and social health in a very destructive ways.

When people watch an excessive amount of television they do not look for new solutions of any problems. TV changes the way of thinking. This is especially noticeable in the younger generation. Also excessive TV watching changes the outlook on life. Also watching too much TV is harmful because the human brain is filled with redundant information. A huge stream of advertising, TV shows, TV series and news releases emotional cripple person.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

From the Beginning of Time of Chapter 1 class 11

From the Beginning of Time of Chapter 1

---

Story of Human Evolution
Points to remember:
1. Phases of Evolution
Stage 1 – Early Societies

• a. Ape
• b. Australopithecus
• c. Homo erectus (literally ‘upright man’)
• d. Homo sapiens (literally ‘thinking/wise man’)

Stage 2 Hunter-gatherer Societies

• Modern Humans
• Hunters and Gatherers

2. Places of Evolution
The earliest fossils of modern humans where found in:
ETHIOPIA – 195,000-160,000 years ago,
SOUTH AFRICA – 120,000-50,000 years ago,
MOROCCO – 70,000-50,000 years ago,
ISRAEL – 100,000-80,000 years ago,
AUSTRALIA – 45,000-35,000 years ago,
BORNEO – 40,000 years ago,
FRANCE – 35,000 years ago.
3. Social Aspects

• Food
• Shelter

4. Economic Aspects

• Farming
• Domestication of animals
• Trade

5. Cultural Aspects

• Paintings
• Stone Tools

6. Sources

• Fossils
• Stone Tools
• Bones

7. Phases of Stone Age
8. Present day Hunter-Gatherers
i. Role of both-men and Women in present society

THE CHAPTER
Phases of Evolution
The origin of human begins are divided into several stages:
Primates – A category of larger group of mammals, emerged in Asia and Africa.

• They existed about 36-24 million years ago.
• They existed in Asia and Africa.

Hominoids – A subgroup subgroup amongst primates emerged by about 24 mya, called hominoids.

• This group included Apes who had smaller brains.
• They had four legs but were unable to walk erect.

Hominids – The evidence of the first hominids is found about 5.6 mya in Africa.

• They had an upright posture and bipedal locomotion.
• Hominids belong to a family known as Hominidae, which includes all forms of human beings
• They are further subdivided into branches known as Genus, of which Australopithecus and Homo are important. Each of these in turn includes several species.

Homo is a Latin word, meaning ‘man’ (including women). So human fossils are classified as Homo habilis (the tool maker), Homo erectus (the upright man), and Homo sapiens (the wise or thinking man).
Homo Sapiens (Modern Human) can be further divided into – Homo Heidelbergensis (fossils found in Europe, Asia and Africa) and Homo Neanderthalemsis (fossils found in Europe, Western and Middle Asia)
The remains of early humans have been classified into different species. These are often distinguished from one another on the basis of differences in bone structure. For instance, species of early humans are differentiated in terms of their skull size and distinctive jaws. These characteristics may have evolved due to what has been called the positive feedback mechanism.

Tool – Making – Example – Pg. – 13

Comparison: Modern Human & Hunter Human
Modern Human: On one side some scholars feel that ethnographic data cannot be used for understanding past societies. They have not applied directly the specific data from present day hunter-gather societies to interpret the archeological remains of the post.
They have the ideas:

• Present day hunter-gatherer societies pursues several other economic activities along with hunting and gathering.
• These include engaging in exchange and trade in minor forest produce or working as paid labourers in the fields of neighbouring farmers .
• Moreover, these societies are totally marginalised in all senses – geographically, politically and socially.
• The conditions in which they live are very different from those of early humans.
• There are tremendous variation amongst living hunter – gatherer societies.
• There are conflicting data on many issues such as the relative importance of hunting and gathering, group sizes or the movement from place to place.
• Today generally women gather and men hunt, there are societies where both women and men hunt and gather and make tools. Both women and men are contributing to the food supply.

The Hunter Human
Whereas, there are scholars who have directly applied specific data from present-day hunter-gatherer societies to interpret the archaeological remains of the past. They suggest that hominids sites dated back to 2 mya.
Social Factors

• Food – Example – Hunting began in about 500,000 yrs. ago ‘The Hadza’ (pg. Text rep. 24)
• Shelter – Date between 700,000 Tools accumulated in one place Example (Map -2 Text reference Europe Pg. 18) Tree shape figure Pg. -19

Economic Factors

• Hunting (began about 500,000 years ago), Gathering, Foraging (to search for food)
• Domestication of animals (began between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago)
• Agriculture and Pastoralism (began around 10,000 years ago)

Cultural Factors
It developed between – 30, 000 and 12,000 years ago

PHASES OF STONE AGE
i. Paleolithic
ii. Mesolithic
iii. Neolithic
a. Neolithic Revolution
Sources

Present day – Hunters and Gatherers
Two – points of view

• Directly applied Specific data from Present day hunter – gatherer Societies to interpret the archeological remains of the past.
• Past societies are totally different from the present society.

Key Words: Fossils, Species, Primates, Hominoids Artefacts, Anthropology, Ethnograph

  

Ch.5 Patol Babu,Film Star (Extra.Ques.)

Ch.5 Patol Babu,Film Star (Extra.Ques.)

Comprehension Questions
1. He said he was looking for an actor for a scene in a film they’re now shooting. The way he described the character- fiftyish, short, bald headed – it reminded me of you. So I gave him your address and asked him to get in touch with you directly. I hope you won’t turn him away. They’ll pay you of course
a) Here ‘he’ refers to 
Ans. Naresh Bun 
b) What kind of a person is ‘he’ ? 
Ans. He is a kind hearted good person 
c) ‘He’ comes to Patol Babu because
Ans. He needs an actor for his film 

SANJAY MATHUR

2. His name had appeared in hand bills on countless occasions. Once it appeared in bold type near the top: Sitalakanto Ray in the role of Parasar’. Indeed there vins a time when people bought tickets especially to see him
a) When did Patol Babu had a real passion for the stage?
Ans. When he was a well known actor. 
b) The above lines prove that Patol Babu was a actor at that time
Ans. Popular 

3. It didn’t matter if the part was small, but if he had to make the most of it, he had to learn his lines before hand. How small he would feel if he muffed in the presence of so many people
a) Who is the speaker here? 
Ans. Patol Babu
b) Where is the speaker now? 
Ans. At the shooting site
c) What was the speaker waiting for ? 
Ans. He was waiting for his dialogue .

Short Answer Type Questions (30-40 words)

1. How does Patol Babu reconcile to the dialogue given to him?

Ans Ms. Initially, Patol Babu was disappointed when he saw the word ‘Oh’ written on the paper Next moment, he was reminded of the advice given to him by his mentor Mr. Pakrashi that a role was not big or 1 small, it was the manner in which it was performed that mattered. He accepted the role and decided to give it a try. 

2. What was the advice of Patol Babu’s mentor and guru Pakrashi?

Ans. The advice of Mr. Gogon Pakrashi, his mentor and guru was — Do your work irrespective of the fact that it was big or small. Perform well and wholeheartedly. That’s all.

3. What job did Patol Babu have in Calcutta and why did he leave it?

Ans. It was a clerical post with Hudson and Kimberley with a higher pay in Calcutta. He lost his job due to the war in 1943.

4. What idea did Patol Babu have while rehearsing? Did the director approve of the idea?

Ans. Idea was that if he had newspaper in his hand the scene would look more authentic. Director approved of the idea and asked a bystander to give him the newspaper.

5. What were Patol Babu’s dialogues and what was his reaction on seeing it?

Ans. Patol asked for the dialogue to be spoken, a paper was handed over to him, on which just one word ‘Oh’ was written. He was disappointed, felt cheated and humiliated.

6. Why did Patol Babu leave without taking money?

Ans. After the shot was over, Patol Babu heaved a sigh of relief, a deep sense of satisfaction swept over him. He had done his job really well. After all, all these years had blunted his sensibility. Money did not matter compared to the job done with perfection. He left without taking the money.

7. How did Patol Babu react to the offer of a role in a film?

Ans. When the offer to act in a film came to Patol Babu, he was very happy and excited that a man fifty-two years old and nobody could get such an offer. There was every reason for him to accept it.

8. What message is the author trying to convey through the lesson “Patol Babu”?

Ans. The message conveyed by the story ‘Patel Babu’ is to do one’s job with perfection, no matter how big or small it is. In the plan of action everyone is assigned a role, which must be performed to the best of one’s ability. This is the only source of satisfaction.

9. How did Patol Babu manage to make his role special? What special• touches did he give to the role?

Ans. Patol Babu decided to make his role as memorable as possible. He rehearsed it in front of a large glass window in a quiet by lane.measured the distance to be walked, before he collided with the hero. So that the timing would be perfect. Then to make it look more authentic he suggested, holding a newspaper in his hand, which was accepted.

10. flow did Patol Babu’s dream come true?

Ans. Patol Babu had always dreamt of making it big, famous and rich one clay. He had got the opportunity of acting in a film. In the past, he was a very good actor at the stage. He performed very well and earned everyone’s appreciation.

Long Answer Questions (100-150 words)

1. Patol Babu’s wife decides to write a letter to her friend giving vent to her feelings about the performance of her husband and what she feels about it. Imagine yourself as the wife and write the letter.

Ans. Park Street Calcutta May 22,19XX Dear Madhabi How are you? Our correspondence is long overdue now. Today something happened and I feel like sharing it with you. You know things at home were not going smoothly, as my husband is not having any stable job since he left the job at Calcutta, due to the wan He tried his hand at so many different things but to no avail. Recently, he got an offer to act in a film. Once upon a time, he used to act on the stage and was very popular. So, he was quite excited. When he came back, he narrated the whole episode to me how he made that small insignificant role, a memorable one and made his presence felt during the shot. I am very proud of him, though outwardly, I keep chiding him. But one thing, I keep asking myself, whether money is important or not. How to run the household without any regular income. He came home without any money. Better luck next time! Write soon

Yours affectionately

SANJAY MATHUR

2. That night, after the incident, when Patol Babu is about to retire for his sleep, he decides to make a diary entry. Write it. Ans. 9.00 p.m. Calcutta May 20,19XX Today what happened has made it a memorable day for me.

Ans:The role I had been offered had made me quite excited and I reached Faraday House before the appointed time. There was a big crowd already there. Stage used to be different, this was film-shooting, it was a hot day and I was wearing that old fashioned woollen jacket as well. I made my way and asked for my dialogue. Everyone was so busy, they did not pay much attention to my request. I at least wanted to see the lines I had to utter. I am fifty-two years old and used to he such a popular actor on stage. So, I did want to have my lines in hand to see and memorise, to deliver them well. On asking again and again at last a paper was handed over to me with a single ‘Oh’ on it. All my excitement and enthusiasm was gone. I was about to leave at once, when the words of Gogon Pakrashi, my mentor, flashed in my mind. He used to say no role is big or small, it is the way you perform it, makes it big or small. That did it—and I gave my all to.perform it as well as possible. I emoted and spoke it in such a manner that it created such an impact, everyone applauded and praised it immensely. I was so satisfied and happy that I came home without any money. After all, what is money as compared to the satisfaction derived from work well done. Now I’ll have a nice sleep!

Value-based Question

1. “Work is worship.” Discuss. 

Or

  No work is big or small, it is the manner in which it is executed that makes it big or small.

Ans. Man without work is like a vegetable, a mere couch-potato. Life of a parasite is better than an idle life. Any occupation big or small gives the lasting happiness, no doubt. Work is work, and if we can make it worship, then the gods will shower blessings and life becomes an eternal joy. No work is big or small, it is the way we look at it that makes it big or small. In everything that we do our input is equal to the output whether it is in terms of material success or the satisfaction that we derive out of a well accomplished task, we get what we have put in. A lesson one must never forget in life, to achieve success there are no short-cuts or magic it is hard work alone that takes us places in life. We immerse ourselves in our work, lose and forget our being; the outcome of such a work can make miracles. Success comes chasing him, who works not to please others but to his own self and his own satisfaction is the reward. There are no religions, no creed, no caste, man-made barriers that distinguish one. It is the beautiful and unsullied mind that makes on unforgettable. Being honest to oneself and true to his work should be one’s motto, and then life becomes everlasting joy. Such a man’s heart is the abode of happiness that knows no end. Peace emanates from such beings, angels who create a paradise on earth!